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Ruby的25个编程细节

作者:佚名    责任编辑:admin    更新时间:2022-06-22

   这篇文章主要介绍了Ruby的25个编程细节(技巧、实用代码段),本文直接给出主题和相应代码,需要的朋友可以参考下

  1.try 永远不会抛出异常 在 没有的时候 返回 nil

   代码如下:

  province_id = Province.find_by_name(prov).try(:id)

  2.find(:first, :condotions) 方法 不言而与

   代码如下:

  mobile_info = MobileInfo.find(:first, :conditions => ["mobile_num = ? ", mobile_num.to_i])

  3.find(:all, :select, :conditions)

   代码如下:

  support_amount_a = ProvinceMerchantChangeValue.find(:all, :select => "DISTINCT change_value_id",

  :conditions => ["status = 1 and merchant_id = ? and province_id =? and channel_id in (select id from channels where status = 1)",

  merchant_id, province_id]).map { |cv| cv.change_value_id }.compact

  support_amount_s = ChangeValue.find(:all,:select => "price" ,:conditions => ["id in (?)", support_amount_a])

  .map { |cv| cv.try(:price).to_i }.compact

  4.发送post请求 可以在shell中执行

   代码如下:

  curl -d "channel=中信异度支付&action_type=娱人节-手机充值&user_indicate=13911731997&original_amount=10000" http://xx.xxx.xxx:3000/search.json

  5.Ruby 中纯数据结构 ( Struct 与 OpenStruct )

  讲一下它俩之间的区别:

  Struct 需要开头明确声明字段; 而 OpenStruct 人如其名, 随时可以添加属性

  Struct 性能优秀; 而 OpenStruct 差点, 具体的性能差距可看这里:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1177594/ruby-struct-vs-openstruct

  Struct 是 Ruby 解释器内置, 用 C 实现; OpenStruct 是 Ruby 标准库, Ruby 实现

  API 不同: Struct API 与 OpenStruct

  6. MIme::Type.register

   代码如下:

  Mime::Type.register "application/json", :ejson

  config/initializers/mime_types.rb

  7.config/initializers/secure_problem_solved.rb

   代码如下:

  ActiveSupport::CoreExtensions::Hash::Conversions::XML_PARSING.delete('symbol')

  ActiveSupport::CoreExtensions::Hash::Conversions::XML_PARSING.delete('yaml')

  8.config/initializers/new_rails_default.rb

   代码如下:

  if defined?(ActiveRecord)

  # Include Active Record class name as root for JSON serialized output.

  ActiveRecord::Base.include_root_in_json = true

  # Store the full class name (including module namespace) in STI type column.

  ActiveRecord::Base.store_full_sti_class = true

  end

  ActionController::Routing.generate_best_match = false

  # Use ISO 8601 format for JSON serialized times and dates.

  ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = true

  # Don't escape HTML entities in JSON, leave that for the #json_escape helper.

  # if you're including raw json in an HTML page.

  ActiveSupport.escape_html_entities_in_json = false

  9.MemCacheStore 缓存

   代码如下:

  @_cache = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore.new(

  CONFIG['host'], { :namespace => "#{CONFIG['namespace']}::#{@name}" }

  )

  localhost::callback_lock

  @_cache.write(pay_channel.channel_id,'true')

  v = @_cache.read(pay_channel.channel_id)

  if v.nil? || v != 'true'

  return false

  else

  return true

  end

  end

  10.联合索引

  代码如下:

  gem 'composite_primary_keys', '6.0.1'

  https://github.com/momoplan

  0.Hash assert_valid_keys 白名单

  11.puma -C puma_service_qa.rb

  12.pow

  13. Time

   代码如下:

  start_time = start_time.to_s.to_datetime.at_beginning_of_day

  end_time = end_time.to_s.to_datetime.end_of_day

  14.merchant.instance_of? MplusMerchant

   代码如下:

  m_order[:merchant_id] = (merchant.instance_of? MplusMerchant) ? merchant.id : merchant

  15.will_paginate rails

  安装之后需要修改config/environment.rb文件

  在文件的最后添加:

   代码如下:

  require 'will_paginate'

  修改controller文件中的index方法:

  # @products = Product.find(:all)

  @products = Product.paginate :page => params[:page],

  :per_page => 2

  .pagination

  = will_paginate @mplus_orders, :class => 'digg_pagination'

  最好有个include

  16. # Excel Generator

   代码如下:

  gem 'spreadsheet', '~> 0.7.3'

  PROVINCE = %w{ 安徽 北京 福建 甘肃 广东 广西 贵州 海南 河北 河南 黑龙江 湖北

  湖南 吉林 江苏 江西 辽宁 内蒙古 宁夏 青海 山东 山西 陕西 上海

  四川 天津 西藏 新疆 云南 浙江 重庆 }

  MONTH = 1.upto(12).to_a

  def self.total_to_xls(year = '2012', opts = {})

  book = Spreadsheet::Workbook.new

  sheet1 = book.create_worksheet

  months = MONTH

  months = opts[:month].to_s.split(/,/) if opts[:month]

  fixed_row = months.collect{ |m| m.to_s + '月' }.insert(0, '')

  sheet1.row(0).concat(fixed_row)

  row1 = ['']

  (months.size - 1).times { row1 << ['用户数', '金额', '订单数'] }

  sheet1.row(1).concat(row1.flatten!)

  row = 2

  sheet1.row(row).insert(0, '全国')

  months.each_with_index do |m, i|

  sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 1, self.monthly_users_count(m))

  sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 2, self.monthly_amount(m))

  sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 3, self.monthly_orders_count(m))

  end

  PROVINCE.each do |province|

  row += 1

  sheet1.row(row).insert(0, province)

  months.each_with_index do |m, i|

  sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 1, self.monthly_users_count_by_province(m, province))

  sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 2, self.monthly_amount_by_province(m, province))

  sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 3, self.monthly_orders_count_by_province(m, province))

  end

  end

  path = "tmp/phone_recharge.xls"

  book.write path

  path

  end

  17. inject({})

   代码如下:

  selected_conditions = base_conditions.inject({}) do |hash, data|

  hash[data.first] = data.last unless data.last.blank?

  hash

  end

  18.time_str.instance_of?

   代码如下:

  return time_str if time_str.instance_of? Time

  19.Person.instance_eval

  代码如下:

  Person.instance_eval do

  def species

  "Homo Sapien"

  end

  end

  20.class_eval

   代码如下:

  class Foo

  end

  metaclass = (class << Foo; self; end)

  metaclass.class_eval do

  def species

  "Homo Sapien"

  end

  end

  end

  21.Ruby中 respond_to? 和 send 的用法

  http://galeki.is-programmer.com/posts/183.html

  因为obj对象没法响应talk这个消息,如果使用 respond_to? 这个方法,就可以实现判断对象能否响应给定的消息了

   代码如下:

  obj = Object.new

  if obj.respond_to?("talk")

  obj.talk

  else

  puts "Sorry, object can't talk!"

  end

  request = gets.chomp

  if book.respond_to?(request)

  puts book.send(request)

  else

  puts "Input error"

  end

  22.method_missing,一个 Ruby 程序员的梦中情人

   代码如下:

  def method_missing(method, *args)