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mysql索引与视图

作者:佚名    责任编辑:admin    更新时间:2022-06-22

   原始表student字段:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 mysql> select column_name,data_type     -> from information_schema.columns     -> where table_name = 'student'; +-------------+-----------+ | column_name | data_type | +-------------+-----------+ | stu_id      | int       | | stu_name    | varchar   | | stu_tel     | int       | | stu_score   | int       | +-------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

  表中原始数据:

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 mysql> select * from student; +--------+----------+---------+-----------+ | stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+ |      1 | a        |     151 |        60 | |      2 | b        |     152 |        61 | |      3 | c        |     153 |        62 | |      4 | d        |     154 |        63 | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

  索引创建格式:

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1 2 3 create [ <index type> ] index <index name> [ using {btree | hash} ] on table specification ( <column in index> [,<column in index> ] ) <index type> := unique | fulltext | spatial <column in index>:=<column name> [asc | desc]

  创建一个最简单的索引:

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1 2 3 4 mysql> create index stu_index     -> on student(stu_id); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec) Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

  这里创建立一个非唯一性的索引,其中默认使用asc升序排列。

  如果没有指定using声明的话,mysql自动创建一个B树。所以上面的索引其实是这样子的:

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1 2 3 4 mysql> create index stu_index using btree     -> on student(stu_id asc); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec) Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

  当然,btree索引可以换成哈希索引。

  也可以为多个列创建唯一的索引:

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1 2 3 4 mysql> create unique index stu_index using hash     -> on student(stu_id,stu_name); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec) Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

  添加索引:

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1 2 3 4 5 mysql> alter table student     -> add unique index stu_index2     -> using hash (stu_tel); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec) Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

  删除索引:

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1 2 3 mysql> drop index stu_index on student; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec) Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

  创建表时定义索引:

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 mysql> create table student(     -> stu_id          int primary key,     -> stu_name        varchar(5) not null,     -> stu_tel         int(5) unique,     -> stu_score       int(2),     -> index stu_index(stu_id)     -> );

  只需在表的最后添加创建索引的语句即可。

  视图是数据库中的虚拟表,它存储的不是自己的内容,而是经过select从其他表整合而来的。当其他表的内容改变是,视图内的内容跟着改变。在一定条件下,对视图的更新也将改变源表。

  创建视图:

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1 2 3 4 create [ or replace ] view <view name> [<column list>] as <table expression> [with [ cascaded |local ] check option ] mysql> create view view1 as     -> (select * from student); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 mysql> select * from view1; +--------+----------+---------+-----------+ | stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+ |      1 | a        |     151 |        60 | |      2 | b        |     152 |        61 | |      3 | c        |     153 |        62 | |