修改表结构:
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包括表属性改变,列属性改变,完整性约束改变。
1.表属性改变
1.1重命名表名
? 1 2 mysql> alter table student rename to s; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)也可以直接使用rename命令改名:
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1 2 mysql> rename table s to student; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)1.2表排序改变
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 mysql> alter table student order by stu_id desc; mysql> select * from student; +--------+----------+---------+-----------+ | stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+ | 4 | d | 154 | 63 | | 3 | c | 153 | 62 | | 2 | b | 152 | 61 | | 1 | a | 151 | 60 | +--------+----------+---------+-----------+2列属性改变
2.1 添加列
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 mysql> alter table student -> add sex char(1) after stu_name; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.34 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from student; +--------+----------+------+---------+-----------+ | stu_id | stu_name | sex | stu_tel | stu_score | +--------+----------+------+---------+-----------+ | 1 | a | NULL | 151 | 60 | | 2 | b | NULL | 152 | 61 | | 3 | c | NULL | 153 | 62 | | 4 | d | NULL | 154 | 63 | +--------+----------+------+---------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.02 sec)新添加的列默认放在最后一列,且默认填充空值。这里使用after指定了新增列sex放在stu_name后面.如果新增列设置不能为空,那么mysql将根据列的数据类型填入实际的值:对于数值填入0,对于字符串填入空字符串,对于日期填入0000-00-00,对于时间填入00:00:00.
2.2删除列
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1 2 3 4 mysql> alter table student -> drop sex; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.33 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 02.3修改列属性
初始列属性:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 +-------------+-----------+ | column_name | data_type | +-------------+-----------+ | stu_id | int | | stu_name | varchar | | stu_tel | int | | stu_score | int | +-------------+-----------+将stu_tel列修改为tel char型,并放在stu_score后面。
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 mysql> alter table student -> change stu_tel tel char(3) after stu_score;; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.23 sec) +-------------+-----------+ | column_name | data_type | +-------------+-----------+ | stu_id | int | | stu_name | varchar | | stu_score | int | | tel | char | +-------------+-----------+如果仅仅是更改列其他属性而不改列名时,可以使用modify参数。
将tel列改回int型
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 mysql> alter table student -> modify tel int(3); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.25 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 +-------------+-----------+ | column_name | data_type | +-------------+-----------+ | stu_id | int | | stu_name | varchar | | stu_score | int | | tel | int | +-------------+-----------+3.完整性约束改变
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 <integrity constraint change>:= add primary key<index